白川村研究の系譜にみる文化財としての集落景観保全における問題点(平成15年度日本造園学会全国大会 研究発表論文集(21))

摘要

Since 1888, many folklorists, sociologists and architects have visited Shirakawa-mura to study family systems and Gassho-style houses. It is essential to clarify motivations and aims of those studies from social background as the prehistory of Ogimachi, an Important Preservation District for Groups of Historic Buildings and a World Heritage. Preservation systems lay an emphasis on Gassho-style houses, and it causes landscape alteration. From 1950\u27s, technical scheme of research and restoring for temples and shrines had applied to townhouses and farmhouses, and evaluation system of them as cultural properties was established. But in Shirakawa-mura, it turned out that most residents of candidate houses refused designation of their Gassho-style houses, which suggests a difficulty in preservation of living houses as cultural properties. In 1974 Shirakawa-mura was an only farm village selected as an Important Preservation District for Groups of Historic Buildings. Since aspect of planning and conservation system concerning with characters of farm-village had not established at the time, only Gassho-style houses have been focused on.